Publication year: 2016
Resumo:
Para atender aos objetivos de descrever a configuração da estrutura dos serviços de enfermagem; explorar as dimensões estruturais, formalização e descentralização destes serviços; e identificar as estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros gerentes para organizar o cuidado em hospitais de ensino do Paraná-Brasil e Groningen-Holanda, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, que se caracteriza como estudo de casos múltiplos. A pesquisa consistiu de 15 casos - 12 realizados no Paraná e 03 em Groningen. Foram realizadas entrevistas com 15 enfermeiros gerentes que ocupavam posição de destaque na estrutura organizacional destes hospitais, conduzidas por uma matriz elaborada com questões relacionadas à dimensão da divisão e coordenação do trabalho e outras para identificação de serviços de alta complexidade, trianguladas com a análise documental. Os dados foram coletados no Paraná de março a maio de 2014 e em Groningen, de abril a setembro de 2015. A teoria organizacional elaborada por Mintzberg foi utilizada para examinar as características e as relações entre os elementos da organização da estrutura de Enfermagem. O processo de análise e o cruzamento dos casos forneceu base para generalizações, e as estruturas dos serviços de enfermagem foram separadas em grupos. Posteriormente, foram exploradas as dimensões estruturais formalização e descentralização e suas variações. Para a identificação das estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros gerentes para organizar o trabalho nos hospitais de ensino dos dois cenários, foi utilizada a análise temática de conteúdo e os seguintes temas emergiram: Definição da estrutura organizacional; Características dos trabalhadores; e As forças que influenciam o ambiente de trabalho. Baseando-se na abordagem metodológica e no modelo teórico, os resultados apontaram que os serviços de enfermagem apresentaram formas estruturais híbridas, com prevalência de estruturas profissionais e mecanicistas. Na estrutura dos serviços de Enfermagem pesquisados, foi encontrada a coexistência de alto grau de formalização e alto grau de descentralização; e alto grau de formalização e baixo grau de descentralização. Embora existam diferenças entre os dois países relacionadas à economia, população, sistema de saúde, entre outras, não houve diferença significativa entre o tipo de estratégia adotada pelos gerentes de enfermagem para organizar o seu trabalho. Concluiu-se que a melhor estrutura é a que melhor se adapta à situação do serviço, aos objetivos da organização, ao tipo de atividades desenvolvidas e ao ambiente externo. Outro aspecto é que as diferentes partes da estrutura podem exigir a diferenciação das funções e responsabilidades e diferentes níveis de descentralização e formalização do processo do trabalho para serem eficaz. Entende-se que os gerentes de enfermagem exercem papel fundamental na escolha e definição de elementos estruturais que irão determinar o tipo de estrutura organizacional do serviço e, consequentemente, a sua eficiência. Neste sentido, a principal contribuição desta pesquisa está relacionada à importância do gerente de enfermagem em encontrar um ponto de equilíbrio e coerência entre a estrutura adotada e as constantes mudanças nas demandas institucionais e dos sistemas de saúde para garantir um processo de trabalho alinhado aos objetivos organizacionais e às necessidades de saúde dos pacientes.
Abstract:
The aim of the research was to describe the structure configuration of nursing services; explore the structural dimensions of formalization and decentralization of these services; and identify the strategies used by managers to organize nursing care in teaching hospitals of Paraná-Brazil and Groningen-Holland. It was held a qualitative approach research, which is characterized as a multiple case study. The survey consisted of 15 cases - 12 performed in Paraná and 03 in Groningen. 15 nurse-managers, who assumed a prominent position in the organizational structure of these hospitals, were interviewed. The survey was conducted by a matrix composed of questions about the dimension of division and coordination of work, and others, for identification of high complexity services, triangulated with document analysis. Data was collected in Paraná from March to May 2014, and in Groningen, from April to September 2015. The organizational theory developed by Mintzberg was used to examine the characteristics and relations among the elements of the organization of nursing structure. The process of analysis and cross cases provided the basis for generalizations, and the structures of nursing services were separated into groups. It was later explored the structural dimensions of formalization and decentralization and its variations. To identify the strategies used by managers to organize the nurses' work in teaching hospitals of the two scenarios, it was used the thematic analysis of content and the following themes emerged: Definition of the organizational structure; Characteristics of workers; and forces that influence the work environment. Based on the methodological approach and the theoretical model, the results showed that the nursing services presented hybrid structural forms, with prevalence of professional and mechanistic structures. In the structure of the surveyed nursing services, it has been found that there are high coexistence degree of formalization and high degree of decentralization; and high degree of formalization and low degree of decentralization. Although there are differences between the two countries, such as economy, population, health care, among others, there was no significant difference between the type of strategy adopted by nursing managers to organize their work. It was concluded that the best structure is the one that best fits the service situation, the organization's objectives, the type of activities developed, and the external environment. Another aspect is that different parts of the structure may require the differentiation of roles and responsibilities of the nurses, and different levels of decentralization and formalization of the labor process to be effective. It is understood that nursing managers play a fundamental role in the selection and definition of structural elements that will determine the type of organizational structure of the service and, therefore, its efficiency. In this sense, the main contribution of this research is related to the importance of nursing manager to find a balance point and between of the adopted structure and the constant changes in the institutional demands and health systems to ensure a working process aligned with organizational goals, and, consequently, the health needs of patients. Keywords:
Organisational structure, Decentralization, Formalization, Nursing service, Management, Teaching hospital, Nursing; Strategies; Personnel Administration; Teaching hospitals. The aim of the research was to describe the structure configuration of nursing services; explore the structural dimensions of formalization and decentralization of these services; and identify the strategies used by managers to organize nursing care in teaching hospitals of Paraná-Brazil and Groningen-Holland. It was held a qualitative approach research, which is characterized as a multiple case study. The survey consisted of 15 cases - 12 performed in Paraná and 03 in Groningen. 15 nurse-managers, who assumed a prominent position in the organizational structure of these hospitals, were interviewed. The survey was conducted by a matrix composed of questions about the dimension of division and coordination of work, and others, for identification of high complexity services, triangulated with document analysis. Data was collected in Paraná from March to May 2014, and in Groningen, from April to September 2015. The organizational theory developed by Mintzberg was used to examine the characteristics and relations among the elements of the organization of nursing structure. The process of analysis and cross cases provided the basis for generalizations, and the structures of nursing services were separated into groups. It was later explored the structural dimensions of formalization and decentralization and its variations. To identify the strategies used by managers to organize the nurses' work in teaching hospitals of the two scenarios, it was used the thematic analysis of content and the following themes emerged: Definition of the organizational structure; Characteristics of workers; and forces that influence the work environment. Based on the methodological approach and the theoretical model, the results showed that the nursing services presented hybrid structural forms, with prevalence of professional and mechanistic structures. In the structure of the surveyed nursing services, it has been found that there are high coexistence degree of formalization and high degree of decentralization; and high degree of formalization and low degree of decentralization. Although there are differences between the two countries, such as economy, population, health care, among others, there was no significant difference between the type of strategy adopted by nursing managers to organize their work. It was concluded that the best structure is the one that best fits the service situation, the organization's objectives, the type of activities developed, and the external environment. Another aspect is that different parts of the structure may require the differentiation of roles and responsibilities of the nurses, and different levels of decentralization and formalization of the labor process to be effective. It is understood that nursing managers play a fundamental role in the selection and definition of structural elements that will determine the type of organizational structure of the service and, therefore, its efficiency. In this sense, the main contribution of this research is related to the importance of nursing manager to find a balance point and between of the adopted structure and the constant changes in the institutional demands and health systems to ensure a working process aligned with organizational goals, and, consequently, the health needs of patients.
