Prevalência da dor em doentes renais crónicos em tratamento de hemodiálise e sua relação com variáveis sociodemográficas

Publication year: 2023

A dor é um sintoma frequente nos doentes que utilizam a hemodiálise como tratamento de substituição renal. O doente renal crónico refere sentir diferentes tipos de dor, com intensidade e localização variáveis.

Objetivos:

Avaliar a prevalência de dor nos doentes renais crónicos em tratamento de hemodiálise e as relações existentes entre a dor e variáveis sociodemográficas.

Métodos:

Trata-se de um estudo analítico e transversal, realizado numa amostra de 140 doentes renais crónicos em tratamento de hemodiálise. Como instrumento de recolha de dados utilizou-se um questionário englobando variáveis de caracterização sociodemográfica e o inventário “Brief Pain Inventory- Short Form”, constituído por 15 itens que avaliam a existência, localização, severidade, estratégias terapêuticas aplicadas, eficácia do tratamento da dor e interferência funcional. Para o tratamento dos dados recorreu-se ao SPSS com cálculo das frequências absolutas e relativas, médias e desvio padrão.

Resultados:

A prevalência da dor sentida na última semana foi elevada (65%), ao contrário do que se verificou no momento da aplicação do inventário, em que 80% afirmaram não ter dor. Destacou-se a dor na região dorsal (24,2%) e, quanto à severidade da dor, 42,9% tiveram dor máxima de intensidade entre 6-10, 40,7% tiveram dor mínima de intensidade entre 4 e 6. O tratamento efetuado para alívio da dor foi, na maioria (82,9%), com utilização de analgésicos, mas apenas 20% dos hemodialisados referiu eficácia. Na análise correlacional, apenas se verificaram relações estatisticamente significativas (p<0,05), entre a dor com o género e grau de escolaridade, entre a severidade da dor com a escolaridade. De um modo geral não se verificou interferência funcional da dor nas atividades de vida diárias dos hemodialisados, observando-se apenas uma associação significativa (p<0,05) entre a variável escolaridade com a atividade geral, a capacidade de andar a pé, o prazer de viver, o rendimento mensal e a relação com as outras pessoas.

Conclusão:

O estudo fornece insights importantes sobre a prevalência e os fatores associados à dor em pacientes em tratamento de hemodiálise e os resultados destacam a necessidade de uma abordagem integrada para o tratamento da dor, que leve em consideração não apenas a demografia do paciente, mas também os seus fatores psicológicos e socioeconómicos.Pain is a common symptom in patients undergoing hemodialysis as a renal replacement therapy. Chronic renal patients report feeling different types of pain, with varying intensity and location.

Objectives:

To evaluate the prevalence of pain in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and the relationships between pain and sociodemographic variables.

Methods:

This is an analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 140 chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis. A questionnaire encompassing sociodemographic characteristics and the "Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form" inventory consisting of 15 items was used to collect data, assessing the existence, location, severity, therapeutic strategies applied, effectiveness of pain treatment, and functional interference. Data were analyzed using SPSS with calculations of absolute and relative frequencies, means, and standard deviations.

Results:

The prevalence of pain experienced in the last week was high (65%), contrary to what was reported at the time of inventory application, where 80% reported having no pain. Pain in the dorsal region (24.2%) was highlighted, and regarding pain severity, 42.9% had maximum pain intensity between 6-10, while 40.7% had minimum pain intensity between 4 and 6. The majority (82.9%) used analgesics for pain relief, but only 20% of hemodialysis patients reported effectiveness. In the correlational analysis, statistically significant relationships (p<0.05) were only found between pain and gender and level of education, between pain severity and education. In general, functional interference of pain in the daily activities of hemodialysis patients was not observed, with only a significant association (p<0.05) between the variable of education and general activity, walking capacity, pleasure of living, monthly income, and relationship with other people.

Conclusion:

The study provides important insights into the prevalence and factors associated with pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis, highlighting the need for an integrated approach to pain management that considers not only the patient's demographics but also their psychological and socioeconomic factors.
Pain is a common symptom in patients undergoing hemodialysis as a renal replacement therapy. Chronic renal patients report feeling different types of pain, with varying intensity and location.

Objectives:

To evaluate the prevalence of pain in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis and the relationships between pain and sociodemographic variables.

Methods:

This is an analytical and cross-sectional study conducted on a sample of 140 chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis. A questionnaire encompassing sociodemographic characteristics and the "Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form" inventory consisting of 15 items was used to collect data, assessing the existence, location, severity, therapeutic strategies applied, effectiveness of pain treatment, and functional interference. Data were analyzed using SPSS with calculations of absolute and relative frequencies, means, and standard deviations.

Results:

The prevalence of pain experienced in the last week was high (65%), contrary to what was reported at the time of inventory application, where 80% reported having no pain. Pain in the dorsal region (24.2%) was highlighted, and regarding pain severity, 42.9% had maximum pain intensity between 6-10, while 40.7% had minimum pain intensity between 4 and 6. The majority (82.9%) used analgesics for pain relief, but only 20% of hemodialysis patients reported effectiveness. In the correlational analysis, statistically significant relationships (p<0.05) were only found between pain and gender and level of education, between pain severity and education. In general, functional interference of pain in the daily activities of hemodialysis patients was not observed, with only a significant association (p<0.05) between the variable of education and general activity, walking capacity, pleasure of living, monthly income, and relationship with other people.

Conclusion:

The study provides important insights into the prevalence and factors associated with pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis, highlighting the need for an integrated approach to pain management that considers not only the patient's demographics but also their psychological and socioeconomic factors.